Mortality and Length of Stay in Patients with Bloodstream Infections Due to Drug-Susceptible Versus Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
Jamal Wadi Al Ramahi,
Ahmad Al-Abdouh,
Nour Hasan,
Ghayda Haddad,
Mohammad Al Baba,
Ahmad Al Aaraj,
Mahmoud Fakhri,
Lamya Abu Shanab,
Belal Harara,
Mahmoud Barbarawi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
33-39
Received:
26 July 2019
Accepted:
20 August 2019
Published:
6 September 2019
Abstract: A prospective patient surveillance and analysis in three urban hospitals with the objective of comparing the mortality rates among patients with antimicrobials-sensitive versus -resistant gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections. The analysis focused on the rates of in-hospital and 28-days mortality. There were 189 patients with BSI, drug-susceptible gram-negative bacteria (DSGNB) 40.7%, multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDRGNB) 42.3% and extensive-drug resistant bacteria (XDRGNB) 16.9%. The mean age, gender, SOFA score on the initial evaluation, APACHE II score, comorbidities, identified bacterial species, and BSI-associated diagnoses were not statistically different except for VAP (P = 0.000) in the XDRGNB infected patients. In-hospital and 28-days mortalities were significantly higher in the XDRGNB-BSI group (P = 0.000), and ICU length of stay (P = 0.000). XDRGNB-BSI was significantly higher in inappropriate and delayed treated patients (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated no significant interaction for the 28 days mortality neither with the admission diagnoses, the antimicrobial class (except aminoglycosides), the comorbidities (except for solid tumors) (P > 0.05, Nagelkerke R2 < 0.4). In conclusion, BSI due to multiple class antimicrobial resistance has higher mortality and ICU length of stay.
Abstract: A prospective patient surveillance and analysis in three urban hospitals with the objective of comparing the mortality rates among patients with antimicrobials-sensitive versus -resistant gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections. The analysis focused on the rates of in-hospital and 28-days mortality. There were 189 patients with BSI, drug-sus...
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Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis
Desalegn Belay,
Mikias Alayu,
Abiy Girmay
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
40-43
Received:
9 March 2019
Accepted:
15 April 2019
Published:
17 September 2019
Abstract: Hepatitis A virus is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, linear ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus Hepatovirus from the Picornaviridae. It is transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated by fecal matter. Gastrointestinal symptoms with Fever, fatigue, yellowing of the skin or eyes, light-colored feces and dark-colored urine are among symptoms. It is a cause of death for 15 000 annually around the globe. The objective of this study is to describe hepatitis A outbreak in in terms of person, place and time. We investigated the outbreak to describe the cases and to identify the etiology. Medical records and line list were reviewed and descriptive data analysis was performed. Serum samples were tested by Immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. We included all 81 cases with acute jaundice syndrome diagnosis and analyzed the data using Microsoft Excel. A total of 81 persons were affected with the acute jaundice syndrome. Among those, 37 (46%) were females and 44 (54%) were males. The median age of patients was 7 years with range 1-40 years old. The overall attack rate of the outbreak was 27 per 100,000. The age of patients ranged from 1 to 40 years. Out of 18 tested samples, 11 (61%) were positive for Hepatitis A. From the total cases listed, 44 (45%) were from the local community and 37 (46%) were from the internally displaced people (IDP). The outbreak lasted from February to August 2017. Hepatitis A was confirmed affecting people below 40 years of ages in Dolo zone, Somali region, Ethiopia in 2017 and there will be no way that it cannot cause illness again.
Abstract: Hepatitis A virus is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, linear ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus Hepatovirus from the Picornaviridae. It is transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated by fecal matter. Gastrointestinal symptoms with Fever, fatigue, yellowing of the skin or eyes, light-colored feces and dark-colored urine are among symptoms. It is a caus...
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Measles in Bamako: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Features of Patients Hospitalized at University Teaching Hospital of Point "G"
Mikaila Kabore,
Issa Konate,
Yacouba Cissoko,
Bassirou Diarra,
Jean Paul Dembele,
Mariam Soumare,
Assetou Fofana,
Abdoulaye Zare,
Hermine Meli,
Mohamed Aly Cisse,
Dramane Sogoba,
Oumar Magassouba,
Madou Traore,
Kongnimissom Apoline Sondo,
Sounkalo Dao
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
44-49
Received:
15 August 2019
Accepted:
5 September 2019
Published:
19 September 2019
Abstract: Measles is a highly contagious acute febrile eruptive disease. It can be prevented through vaccination. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic features of measles cases hospitalized at Point "G" University Teaching Hospital. It was a retrospective study to review the medical files of patients hospitalized for measles between January 2010 and May 2011 at the Infectious Diseases Department of the Point "G" University Teaching Hospital. During the study period, 31 patients (6.4%) were treated for measles, and the majority of cases were seen in April months (20 cases) and May months (5 cases). The most affected age group was 9 - 59 months (58.1%) with a sex ratio of 1.38. The majority of patients (64.5%) consulted at least two health facilities before their hospitalization in Point “G” with an average of 5.3 ± 3.6 days from unset to the hospitalization. Measles immunization was not effective in 16 out of 26 patients and nearly one-third (29.0%) had familial contact measles case. Febrile rash, present in all patients, was associated with cough (96.8%), rhinitis (77.4%) and/or conjunctivitis (77.4%). Pneumonia was the most common complication (83.9%) followed by comorbidities such as gastroenteritis (29%), malnutrition (9.7%) and oral candidiasis (9.7%). Amoxicillin and ceftriaxone were the antibiotics frequently used against complications. Patients were hospitalized for an average of 6.9 ± 4.2 days, and no death was recorded. This study revealed that pneumonia was the main complication leading to hospitalization of patients. For a better control of measles, we need to fully respect the immunization schedule which is a guarantee for vaccine efficacy.
Abstract: Measles is a highly contagious acute febrile eruptive disease. It can be prevented through vaccination. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic features of measles cases hospitalized at Point "G" University Teaching Hospital. It was a retrospective study to review the medical files of patients hospitali...
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