A Comparative Evaluation of the Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Two Contrasting Communities in Benue State, Nigeria
Onah Isegbe Emmanuel,
Omudu Edward Agbo,
Anumba Joseph Uche,
Uweh Philomena Odeh,
Idoko Marvin Agogo
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
48-52
Received:
27 January 2017
Accepted:
10 February 2017
Published:
27 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20170203.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This study comparatively examined the prevalence of Urinary schistosomiasis in a rural and an urban community in Benue State, Nigeria. The sedimentation technique was used to examine 440 urine samples for Schistosoma haematobium. A high prevalence of 194(44.1%) was observed in both populations. The prevalence of infection in the rural community 165(55.0%) was higher than the urban area 29(20.7%). There was a significant difference in the infection among the urban and rural settings (χ2cal=25.41, df=1, p-value <0.05). The prevalence rates was significant in both communities, with age-group >16 in Guma recording the highest infection rate 7(77.8%), while age group 16-18 years recorded the highest prevalence 13(25.5%) in the urban area. When compared to other age groups, these differences were also significantly different (p < 0.05). In both communities, the pattern of infection between male and female participants showed consistency; in both communities males were more infected. Overall, these gender differences were statistically significant (χ2cal=4.223, df=1, p-value <0.05). Individuals who wash in streams or river recorded the highest infection rate of 82(18.6%), compared to individuals who are exposed to other predisposing factors. It was concluded that urinary schistosomiasis is endemic in both communities and that factors that enhance the susceptibility of individuals to the disease are still prevalent in Benue state. The study recommends that breaking the cycle of the disease could be realized through a sustained health enlightenment campaign on the disease, the provision of safe water supplies and sanitation.
Abstract: This study comparatively examined the prevalence of Urinary schistosomiasis in a rural and an urban community in Benue State, Nigeria. The sedimentation technique was used to examine 440 urine samples for Schistosoma haematobium. A high prevalence of 194(44.1%) was observed in both populations. The prevalence of infection in the rural community 165...
Show More
Prevalence and Predictors of Clinical and Immunological Failure among Adults HIV Patients on HAART in Southern Benin
Cossi Angelo Attinsounon,
Kouessi Anthelme Agbodandé,
Angèle Azon-Kouanou,
Ezin Jocelyn Akakpo,
Djimon Marcel Zannou
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
53-58
Received:
10 March 2017
Accepted:
25 March 2017
Published:
12 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20170203.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antiretroviral therapy failure and to identify factors associated with failure in HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A six years retrospective cohort study was conducted. All HIV- infected patients on antiretroviral therapy for at least 12 months and followed in the outpatient treatment center at the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou were systematically included. The evaluation of the failure was clinical and immunological using the WHO 2010 criteria adapted by the Beninese national HIV/AIDS program. Data was extracted from ESOPE database and analyzed by SPSS 10.0. Multivariable linear regression was performed to identify predictors of antiretroviral treatment failure and p < 0.05 was considered to declare a statistical significance. Results: A total of 268 HIV infected patients were enrolled in the study. The overall prevalence of antiretroviral treatment failure was 35.4% (n=95), including thirty-one cases of clinical failure (11.6%), ten cases of immunological failure (6.3%) and forty-seven cases of clinico-immunological failure (17.5%). The mean age was 37 ± 22 years and the sex ratio was 0.71. Non-adherence to treatment was found to be the main cause of HARRT failure in 71.6% of cases (n=68). High levels of education, polygamy, advanced clinical stage (WHO stage IV) and a history of documented adverse effects were predictors of antiretroviral therapy failure. Difficulties in accessing routine viral loads and second-line molecules did not allow for early diagnosis and good management of HAART failure in Benin. Conclusion: The prevalence of clinical and immunological failure is high in this cohort. It is necessary to facilitate access to routine viral load as the main means of HAART monitoring and to make second-line molecules available.
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antiretroviral therapy failure and to identify factors associated with failure in HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A six years retrospective cohort study was conducted. All HIV- infected patients on antiretroviral therapy for at least 12 months and foll...
Show More
Prevalence of Malaria Parasitaemia and Its Association with ABO Blood Group in Jos, Nigeria
Simji Samuel Gomerep,
Akingdih Mark Terver,
Ibrahim Haruna Oye,
Isa Samson Ejiji,
Anejo-Okopi Joseph
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
59-65
Received:
21 April 2017
Accepted:
5 May 2017
Published:
22 June 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20170203.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Malaria is a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality especially among children and other high risk groups. Certain ABO blood group is thought to be protective of severe malaria. Determining the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among asymptomatic individuals and its association with ABO blood grouping could be a step to further studies to understand the immunity of Malaria. A cross sectional study in which one hundred and seven asymptomatic, consenting individuals in malaria endemic Jos, Nigeria, were recruited into the study. Demographic data and blood samples were taken for the determination of ABO blood group and for thin and thick blood film for malaria parasite detection. The asexual parasite density (asp/µl) was also determined. Of the 107 individuals studied, there were 30(28.0%) males and 77(72.0%) females. The mean age of study participants was 26.2±6.3 years. The predominant blood group was O 48(44.9%), followed by B 33(30.8%), A 21(19.6%) and AB 5(4.7%) respectively. The prevalence of Malaria parasitaemia was 40(37.4%). The mean parasite density was 241.0± 69 asp/µl. There was a significant association between Malaria parasitaemia and ABO blood group (P<0.017). The prevalence among the same blood group was: A 12(57.1%); O 21(48.8%); AB 1(20.0%) and B 6(18.2%) respectively. Across the ABO blood groups, females were significantly parasitaemic as compared to males (P> 0.016, 0.03 and 0.026 respectively) The median WBC count of Malaria infected individuals was significantly higher than the median WBC count of those subjects without parasitaemia, (P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the total White blood cell count (WBC) count and asexual parasite density, although only 35.4% was attributable to the WBC (r2=0.354, P<0.0001). In conclusion, the prevalence of Malaria parasitaemia in our cohort is comparatively low to southern parts of Nigeria. Although there was relative spread of parasitaemia across all blood groups, the highest rate was observed among blood group A and in females. We recommend that available malaria interventions should be directed at all individuals but with particular emphasis on Blood group A and females. Large studies are required to validate our findings, and to elucidate the socio-demographic and immunologic mechanisms involved in the apparent protection.
Abstract: Malaria is a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality especially among children and other high risk groups. Certain ABO blood group is thought to be protective of severe malaria. Determining the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among asymptomatic individuals and its association with ABO blood grouping could be a step to further studie...
Show More
