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Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria
Happiness Igwe Obadiah,
Silas Edeh,
Onah Isegbe Emmanuel,
Faith Odije Okita
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
1-5
Received:
27 September 2017
Accepted:
6 November 2017
Published:
20 December 2017
Abstract: Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are known to have major impact on malaria control when properly used. The study was carried out to ascertain the impact of ITNs on P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi metropolis two months after free distribution of ITNs. Questionnaires were served to obtain demographics and information on ownership and use of ITNs. Rapid diagnostic test strips were used to screen participants for malaria parasite. Of the 356 people interacted with, 256 (71.9%) had ITNs. The prevalence of P. falciparum among non-users of ITN (100) was higher 61(61.0%) than that of users (256) which was 35(13.7%), there was significant difference in the prevalence of malaria among users and non-users of ITNs (P= 0.001). Out of the 208(50.4%) females, 65(67.7%) tested positive while 31(32.3%) out of 148(41.6%) males tested positive. There was significant difference between sex and infection (P= 0.031). Age 0-15 years had the highest prevalence of 44(45.8%), while 48 and above years had the least prevalence of 4(4.2%). There was no significant difference between age and infection (P=0.557). Also, from this study, HND/B.Sc holders had a greater number of utilization of ITNs of 110(42%) while those with no academic qualification had the lowest utilization rate of 20(7.8%). There was significant difference between educational qualification and ITNs usage (P=0.001). Vulnerable population should use ITNs properly and consistently to ensure prevention of malaria. A follow up to monitor ITNs compliance is strongly encouraged.
Abstract: Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are known to have major impact on malaria control when properly used. The study was carried out to ascertain the impact of ITNs on P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi metropolis two months after free distribution of ITNs. Questionnaires were served to obtain demographics and information on ownership and use of ITNs. Ra...
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Rapid Epidemiological Assessment of Lymphatic Filariasis in Northern Taraba Focus, Nigeria
Elkanah Sambo Obadiah,
Elkanah Deborah Sambo,
Madara Adamu Alhaji,
Akafyi Danlami Elisha,
Kela Santaya,
Anyanwu Greg,
Samaila Adamu
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
6-12
Received:
12 September 2017
Accepted:
30 September 2017
Published:
15 January 2018
Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis in eleven (11) foci communities of northern Taraba state. Blood samples were collected by finger prick method to determine the presence of filarial antigen in serum using immunochromatographic card test. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to assess clinical manifestations associated with the infection. The result showed that 101/336 (30.02%) were positive for W. bancrofti circulating filarial antigen. The circulating filarial antigen prevalence among the eleven communities differ significantly (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference between antigenaemia positive males (32.0%) and female (27.7%) (χ2 = 0.491df1, P> 0.05). However, the antigenaemia prevalence among the age groups differs, with ages 51-60 years having the highest prevalence among male and ages 41-50 years among female respectively (χ2=11.424, df 6, P<0.05). Chronic clinical manifestation observed include Hydrocoel (17.12%) and lymphoedema of limbs (20.08%). Female had significant proportion of those with lymphoedema (14.8%). The findings showed a high prevalence of the infection which is far above the World Health Organisation threshold level of ≥1% prevalence as well as significant prevalence of clinical manifestations. Therefore integrated intervention programme is required in the study area.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis in eleven (11) foci communities of northern Taraba state. Blood samples were collected by finger prick method to determine the presence of filarial antigen in serum using immunochromatographic card test. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to assess clinica...
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Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice
Okoh Martina Enyanwu,
Obadiah Happiness Igwe,
Edoh Emmanuel
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
13-17
Received:
30 October 2017
Accepted:
17 November 2017
Published:
2 February 2018
Abstract: Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem is known to possess high medicinal value. This study aimed at determining the in vivo anti trypanosomal potential of aqueous extracts of A. indica leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice. The toxicity of A. indica on mice was determined after which different extract doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally on the third day after infection, administration lasted for 7 days. The effects of the extract in trypanosome infected mice were observed for 15 days by monitoring the changes in packed cell volume (PCV), Parasitemia and weight of mice. Comparison was made to the positive control group treated with Diamineazine Aceturate and negative control-infected but not treated.The leaf extract of neem plant did not have acute toxicity on the uninfected animals, there was no significant effect observed in weight (Group 3 which was given 500mg/kg had a weight of 35g by day 7 while control had a weight of 35.2g) and PCV (Group 1; 100mg/kg, Day 7 had a PCV of 44, Group 3; 500mg/kg, 45 while control had a PCV of 45) (p>0.05). There was however a significant difference between the different extract doses and control with respect to parasitemia, (500mg/kg extract dose showed more anti trypanosomal potential compared to other doses). PCV (mice that were given 500mg/kg of extract dose recorded a higher PCV compared to lower doses) and weight of the mice; (p<0.05). Azadirachta indica extract possess anti trypanosomal potentials. It is therefore recommended that more research on ethno botanic medicine should be encouraged and treatment options employed in the treatment of neglected diseases.
Abstract: Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem is known to possess high medicinal value. This study aimed at determining the in vivo anti trypanosomal potential of aqueous extracts of A. indica leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice. The toxicity of A. indica on mice was determined after which different extract doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg) w...
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Cerebral Hemodynamics Influence on the Current and Prediction of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Boris Fishman,
Victor Veber,
Vladimir Kulikov,
Marat Hapman,
Оlga Denisova,
Ksenia Nikolaeva,
Vasily Zurabov,
Mikhail Yukhno,
Oksana Lole,
Pavel Starikov
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
18-23
Received:
18 January 2018
Accepted:
5 March 2018
Published:
28 March 2018
Abstract: Among patients of different ages with hepatocirrhosis of A, B, C virus viral etiology in Child-Pugh, chronic hepatic encephalopathy of all stages may occur along with discirculatory disorders with the development of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. The Reitan test duration is more than 200 seconds, blood flow hemispheric asymmetry is more than 40%, the decrease in the velocity parameters of the blood flow and the indices of vascular resistance in the basins of the middle cerebral arteries decrease below the reference values are associated with the adverse hepatic encephalopathy prognosis. The degrees of cognitive and discirculatory disorders are interrelated with the compensation stages for hepatocirrhosis. An increase of cognitive impairment degree from the logical thinking ability and attention to time and space disorientation is registered along with discirculatory disorders and cirrhosis compensation stage decrease.
Abstract: Among patients of different ages with hepatocirrhosis of A, B, C virus viral etiology in Child-Pugh, chronic hepatic encephalopathy of all stages may occur along with discirculatory disorders with the development of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. The Reitan test duration is more than 200 seconds, blood flow hemispheric asymmetry is more tha...
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